Thursday, 12 February 2026

 

📘 Model Answer 30
Cooperative vs Competitive Federalism


Question

“Indian federalism is evolving from cooperative to competitive federalism.” Critically examine.

 Model Answer (250 Words)

Cooperative federalism emphasizes collaboration between the Union and States to achieve common developmental goals. Institutions such as the Inter-State Council, GST Council, and NITI Aayog embody cooperative decision-making processes in India.

Under this model, policy formulation and fiscal transfers are designed through consultation and shared responsibility. It aims to strengthen national unity while respecting state autonomy.

In recent years, competitive federalism has emerged, encouraging states to compete for investment, performance rankings, and better governance outcomes. Initiatives like ease-of-doing-business rankings and performance-based incentives reflect this shift.

Competitive federalism can enhance innovation, efficiency, and healthy rivalry among states. However, excessive competition may widen regional disparities and weaken collective policy coherence.

India’s federalism today represents a blend of both models. Cooperative mechanisms provide structural stability, while competitive incentives promote performance improvement.

Thus, Indian federalism is evolving dynamically, balancing cooperation with competition to achieve inclusive development and administrative efficiency.


Prepared by Shaktimatha Learning
Cooperation + Competition + Dynamic Federal Evolution

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