Environmentalism – Sustainability, Ecology & Green Politics
UPSC PSIR | Political Ideologies | Contemporary Global Relevance
1️⃣ INTRODUCTION
Environmentalism is a political ideology that prioritizes ecological balance over unlimited economic growth.
It emerged strongly in the 20th century due to:
- Industrial pollution
- Climate change
- Resource depletion
- Biodiversity loss
2️⃣ CORE PRINCIPLES
- Sustainable development
- Intergenerational justice
- Limits to growth
- Ecological balance
- Environmental rights
3️⃣ TYPES OF ENVIRONMENTALISM
🔹 Shallow Ecology
- Human-centered
- Protect environment for human survival
🔹 Deep Ecology
- Nature has intrinsic value
- Human beings are not superior
🔹 Eco-Socialism
- Capitalism causes ecological crisis
- Need systemic economic change
🔹 Eco-Feminism
- Links patriarchy with environmental destruction
4️⃣ ENVIRONMENTALISM vs LIBERALISM
- Liberalism → Growth-oriented
- Environmentalism → Growth with limits
5️⃣ ENVIRONMENTALISM vs MARXISM
- Marx → Industrial productivity focus
- Environmentalism → Critiques industrial model itself
6️⃣ KEY CONCEPT: INTERGENERATIONAL JUSTICE
Present generation must protect environment for future generations.
This expands Rawls’ idea of justice.
7️⃣ GLOBAL DIMENSION
- Climate agreements
- Global environmental governance
- North–South divide
Environmental politics is now international.
8️⃣ INDIAN CONTEXT
- Chipko Movement
- Narmada Bachao Andolan
- Forest Rights Act
- Green Tribunal
- Climate commitments
9️⃣ CRITICISMS
- Anti-development criticism
- Economic slowdown concerns
- Idealism over realism
📝 MAINS QUESTIONS
- Discuss Environmentalism as a political ideology.
- Explain intergenerational justice.
- Is environmentalism anti-development?
- Environmentalism vs Marxism.
📌 QUICK REVISION MAP
- Sustainable development
- Deep ecology
- Eco-socialism
- Intergenerational justice
- Global environmental politics
“We do not inherit the Earth from our ancestors; we borrow it from our children.”
Shaktimatha Learning – PSIR Ideology Series
No comments:
Post a Comment