UPSC Public Administration – Complete Ultimate Digital Library | Shaktimatha Learning

 

📘 Model Answer 5
Classical vs Behavioural Debate

---

 Question

“The behavioural approach emerged as a critique of the Classical theory but could not completely replace it.” Discuss.

---

 Model Answer (250 Words)

The Classical theory of Public Administration, represented by thinkers such as Taylor, Fayol, and Gulick, emphasized efficiency, hierarchy, specialization, and universal administrative principles. It sought to establish administration as a rational and systematic discipline.

However, the Behavioural approach emerged in the mid-20th century as a critique of these rigid principles. Scholars like Herbert Simon and the Human Relations School argued that classical principles were often contradictory and ignored human behavior. The behaviouralists shifted focus to decision-making, motivation, informal organization, and empirical research.

While the behavioural approach introduced scientific rigor and human-centric analysis, it did not entirely displace the Classical framework. Administrative systems still rely on hierarchy, rules, and formal structure for coordination and accountability. Behavioural insights refined rather than replaced classical ideas.

Critics also argue that behaviouralism sometimes underplayed normative concerns and democratic values, leading to excessive technocratic orientation.

In contemporary governance, both approaches coexist. Modern administration combines structural discipline with behavioural understanding to enhance both efficiency and responsiveness.

Thus, the behavioural approach transformed administrative thought, but the Classical foundation continues to remain relevant.

---

Prepared by Shaktimatha Learning
Theory + Critique + Synthesis = 15–18/20 Potential