PSIR PAPER I – 50 PYQ STRUCTURED ANSWER BANK
PART 3 (Questions 11–15)
PYQ 11
Examine Hobbes’ concept of Sovereignty.
🔹 Introduction
Thomas Hobbes, in Leviathan, argued for absolute sovereignty as necessary to prevent chaos in the state of nature.
🔹 Core Argument
- State of nature: war of all against all.
- Social contract establishes sovereign.
- Absolute and indivisible authority.
🔹 Criticism
- Justifies authoritarianism.
- Ignores individual rights safeguards.
🔹 Conclusion
Hobbes prioritizes security over liberty, shaping modern debates on state authority.
PYQ 12
Discuss Locke’s theory of Limited Government.
🔹 Introduction
John Locke defended natural rights and constitutional government.
🔹 Core Argument
- Natural rights: life, liberty, property.
- Government by consent.
- Right to rebellion.
🔹 Significance
Foundation of liberal constitutionalism and modern democracy.
🔹 Conclusion
Locke balances authority with rights protection.
PYQ 13
Analyze Hegel’s idea of the Ethical State.
🔹 Introduction
Hegel viewed the state as the highest realization of ethical life (Sittlichkeit).
🔹 Core Argument
- Dialectical progression.
- State as embodiment of universal interest.
- Reconciliation of individual and collective freedom.
🔹 Critique
- May justify state supremacy.
- Influenced both liberal and authoritarian interpretations.
🔹 Conclusion
Hegel integrates morality and politics within state authority.
PYQ 14
Evaluate the Feminist critique of Social Contract theory.
🔹 Introduction
Feminist theorists argue that classical social contract theory excludes women.
🔹 Core Argument
- Carole Pateman: “Sexual Contract.”
- Public-private divide marginalizes women.
- Contract theory assumes male citizen.
🔹 Significance
Highlights gendered foundations of political authority.
🔹 Conclusion
Feminism expands democratic theory beyond male-centric assumptions.
PYQ 15
Discuss Weber’s concept of Authority.
🔹 Introduction
Max Weber classified authority into traditional, charismatic, and legal-rational types.
🔹 Core Types
- Traditional authority
- Charismatic authority
- Legal-rational authority
🔹 Relevance
Modern bureaucratic states operate on legal-rational authority.
🔹 Conclusion
Weber’s typology explains legitimacy and institutional stability.
Shaktimatha Learning – PSIR Structured PYQ Answer Bank
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