📘 POLITICAL THEORY – JUSTICE
Meaning • Theories • Debates • Indian Context • UPSC PSIR Master Notes
1️⃣ WHAT IS JUSTICE?
Justice means giving each person what is due to them.
It is concerned with fairness, rights, distribution, punishment and moral order.
2️⃣ CLASSICAL VIEW – PLATO & ARISTOTLE
Plato: Justice is harmony. Each person performs their proper role.
Aristotle: Justice means treating equals equally and unequals unequally.
- Distributive Justice
- Corrective Justice
3️⃣ LIBERAL THEORY OF JUSTICE
Justice protects individual rights and liberties.
- Rule of Law
- Procedural fairness
- Equality before law
4️⃣ JOHN RAWLS – JUSTICE AS FAIRNESS
Rawls revolutionized modern political theory.
- Original Position
- Veil of Ignorance
- Two Principles of Justice
Inequality is allowed only if it benefits the least advantaged.
5️⃣ ROBERT NOZICK – ENTITLEMENT THEORY
Justice is about legitimate acquisition and voluntary exchange.
State should be minimal.
6️⃣ MARXIST THEORY
Justice in capitalism is illusion.
True justice requires classless society.
7️⃣ FEMINIST THEORY
- Justice must include gender justice
- Recognition of unpaid labour
- Critique of male-centric structures
8️⃣ SOCIAL JUSTICE IN INDIA
- Reservation policies
- Protective discrimination
- Directive Principles
- Welfare schemes
Indian Constitution blends liberty with social justice.
📝 UPSC MAINS QUESTIONS
- Discuss Rawls' theory of justice.
- Compare Rawls and Nozick.
- Is social justice compatible with liberalism?
- Examine justice in Indian constitutional framework.
📌 QUICK REVISION MAP
- Plato → Harmony
- Aristotle → Distributive Justice
- Rawls → Veil of Ignorance
- Nozick → Minimal State
- Marx → Class abolition
- India → Social Justice + Equality
Justice is the moral backbone of the state.
No comments:
Post a Comment