📘 Administrative Law
1️⃣ Meaning of Administrative Law
Administrative Law is the branch of public law that deals with the powers, functions, and procedures of administrative authorities and the control of such powers.
UPSC Line: Administrative Law regulates administrative discretion and protects citizens against arbitrary action.
2️⃣ Scope & Significance
- Controls administrative discretion
- Ensures legality and fairness
- Protects individual rights
- Promotes rule of law
Importance: Essential for welfare state administration
3️⃣ Rule of Law
The concept of Rule of Law emphasizes supremacy of law over arbitrary power.
- Equality before law
- Absence of arbitrary power
- Legal protection of rights
Associated with A. V. Dicey
Criticism: Rigid application unsuitable for modern welfare states
4️⃣ Delegated Legislation
Delegated legislation refers to law-making by the executive under powers delegated by the legislature.
- Rules
- Regulations
- By-laws
Reason: Technical complexity and time constraints of legislature
Risk: Excessive delegation may lead to misuse of power
5️⃣ Administrative Tribunals
Administrative tribunals are quasi-judicial bodies created to resolve disputes related to administration.
- Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT)
- State Administrative Tribunals (SAT)
- Specialised and speedy justice
Merit: Expertise and quick disposal
Demerit: Questions over independence
6️⃣ Principles of Natural Justice
- Nemo judex in causa sua – No one should be a judge in his own cause
- Audi alteram partem – Hear the other side
Purpose: Fairness, impartiality, and transparency
📝 UPSC Answer Enrichment
- Link Administrative Law with accountability
- Use case laws briefly where relevant
- Compare Rule of Law with administrative discretion
Prepared for UPSC Aspirants by Shaktimatha Learning
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