📘 Administrative Thinkers – Public Administration
1️⃣ F. W. Taylor – Scientific Management
F.W. Taylor is known as the Father of Scientific Management. His approach focused on improving efficiency through scientific methods.
- Science, not rule of thumb
- Time and motion studies
- Functional foremanship
- Standardisation of work
Criticism: Ignored human and social aspects of workers.
2️⃣ Henri Fayol – Administrative Theory
Henri Fayol viewed administration as a universal process and gave 14 Principles of Management.
POSDCORB: Planning, Organising, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating, Reporting, Budgeting
- Unity of command
- Division of work
- Authority and responsibility
- Centralisation and decentralisation
Criticism: Principles are rigid and not universally applicable.
3️⃣ Max Weber – Bureaucratic Theory
Max Weber analysed bureaucracy as the most efficient form of organisation based on legal–rational authority.
- Fixed hierarchy
- Division of labour
- Written rules and procedures
- Impersonality
- Merit-based recruitment
Criticism: Leads to red-tapism, rigidity, and goal displacement.
📝 UPSC Answer Tip
In answers, compare thinkers, add criticisms, and link with modern governance for higher marks.
Prepared for UPSC Aspirants by Shaktimatha Learning
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