📘 Human Relations & Behavioural Approach
1️⃣ Human Relations Approach
The Human Relations Approach emerged as a reaction to the mechanical view of classical administration. It emphasized the human and social aspects of administration.
Main Contributor: Elton Mayo
Famous Study: Hawthorne Experiments
🔹 Hawthorne Experiments – Key Findings
- Workers are motivated by social needs
- Informal groups influence productivity
- Attention to workers increases efficiency
- Morale is crucial in organisations
Contribution: Shifted focus from machines to people
Criticism: Overemphasis on harmony, ignored power and conflict
2️⃣ Behavioural Approach
The Behavioural Approach introduced scientific study of human behaviour in administration and criticized vague administrative principles.
Main Thinker: Herbert Simon
🔹 Core Ideas
- Decision-making is the heart of administration
- Administrators work under constraints
- Complete rationality is impossible
Key Concept: Bounded Rationality
Contribution: Brought realism and scientific rigour to Public Administration
Criticism: Too individual-centric, neglects values and institutions
📝 UPSC Answer Enrichment
- Link Human Relations with Ethics & Governance
- Use Simon in answers on decision-making
- Add Indian examples (civil services, district administration)
Prepared for UPSC Aspirants by Shaktimatha Learning
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