📘 Model Answer 18
Indian Federalism – Centralization Debate
Question
Model Answer (250 Words)
Indian federalism has often been described as “quasi-federal” due to its blend of federal and unitary features. While the Constitution establishes a federal structure, it incorporates strong centralizing mechanisms to maintain national unity and administrative coherence.
Federal elements include a written Constitution, division of powers, independent judiciary, and bicameral legislature. States possess constitutional status and defined legislative authority.
However, several provisions strengthen the Union. Residuary powers lie with the Centre, emergency provisions enable temporary central control, and All India Services ensure uniform administrative standards. Financial centralization through taxation powers and centrally sponsored schemes further enhances Union dominance.
Supporters argue that strong central authority is necessary to manage diversity, national security, and economic planning. It has enabled coordinated responses during crises such as pandemics and natural disasters.
Critics contend that excessive centralization weakens state autonomy and undermines cooperative federalism. Disputes over fiscal transfers and political use of central agencies illustrate ongoing tensions.
In recent years, institutions like the GST Council and NITI Aayog reflect efforts toward collaborative federalism.
Thus, Indian federalism is dynamic, balancing central authority with regional autonomy through evolving mechanisms of cooperation and negotiation.
Prepared by Shaktimatha Learning
Quasi-Federal Structure + Central Bias + Cooperative Evolution
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