📘 Model Answer 24
Panchayati Raj & Decentralization
Question
Model Answer (250 Words)
The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 institutionalized Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) as the third tier of governance in India. It aimed to promote democratic decentralization and grassroots participation.
The Amendment provided constitutional status to PRIs, introduced a three-tier structure, regular elections, reservation for women and marginalized groups, and the establishment of State Finance Commissions. It strengthened local self-governance and enhanced political inclusion.
Achievements include increased representation of women in local bodies, improved rural participation in planning processes, and localized implementation of welfare schemes. PRIs have become important instruments of rural development and participatory democracy.
However, challenges persist. Financial dependence on state governments, inadequate devolution of powers, capacity constraints, and bureaucratic interference limit effectiveness. The gap between “functions, funds, and functionaries” remains a significant issue.
Despite limitations, decentralization has deepened democratic culture and accountability at the grassroots level.
Thus, while the 73rd Amendment laid a strong institutional foundation for local governance, strengthening fiscal autonomy and administrative capacity is essential for realizing its full potential.
Prepared by Shaktimatha Learning
73rd Amendment + Inclusion + Fiscal Devolution Debate
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