📘 Model Answer 25
Urban Governance & Municipal Administration
Question
Model Answer (250 Words)
The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 granted constitutional status to Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and aimed to strengthen democratic decentralization in urban areas. It introduced elected municipal corporations, reservation for marginalized groups, State Finance Commissions, and District Planning Committees.
The Amendment expanded urban participation in governance and improved representation of women and disadvantaged sections. It aimed to enhance planning, service delivery, and accountability in rapidly urbanizing regions.
However, urban governance continues to face structural challenges. Limited fiscal autonomy, dependence on state governments, overlapping authorities, and weak capacity constrain effective functioning. Rapid urbanization, infrastructure deficits, environmental stress, and informal settlements further complicate governance.
Reform initiatives such as Smart Cities Mission, AMRUT, and digital municipal platforms attempt to modernize urban administration and promote efficiency.
Despite progress, the gap between constitutional vision and operational reality persists. Strengthening financial devolution, professional management, and integrated urban planning remains essential.
Thus, while the 74th Amendment laid the foundation for empowered municipal governance, sustained reforms are necessary to address emerging urban complexities.
Prepared by Shaktimatha Learning
74th Amendment + Urban Challenges + Reform Orientation
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