UPSC Public Administration – Complete Ultimate Digital Library | Shaktimatha Learning

 

📘 Public Administration – Paper I
Page–5: Organisations (Structure & Processes)
Previous Year Questions & Model Answers

Prepared for UPSC Mains by Shaktimatha Learning

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Q1. Distinguish between Formal and Informal Organisation. Examine the role of informal organisation in administration.

Answer Framework:

• Formal organisation – official structure, rules, hierarchy
• Informal organisation – social relations, unwritten norms
• Role in communication and morale
• Support to formal organisation
• Possible risks if uncontrolled

Conclusion: Informal organisation complements formal structure when managed properly.

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Q2. “Delegation is the key to administrative efficiency.” Discuss.

Answer Framework:

• Meaning of delegation of authority
• Importance for speed and efficiency
• Encourages initiative and leadership
• Limits of delegation – responsibility cannot be delegated
• Indian administrative example

Conclusion: Effective delegation strengthens administrative capacity.

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Q3. Examine the concept of hierarchy in organisation. What are its merits and demerits?

Answer Framework:

• Meaning – graded chain of authority
• Merits: unity of command, accountability
• Demerits: rigidity, delay, red-tapism
• Relevance in large organisations
• Need for flexible hierarchy

Conclusion: Hierarchy is essential but must not become oppressive.

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Q4. Critically examine the Line–Staff relationship in administration.

Answer Framework:

• Line agencies – execution of policies
• Staff agencies – advisory and expertise
• Sources of conflict between line and staff
• Need for coordination and mutual respect
• Indian administrative experience

Conclusion: Healthy line–staff relations improve administrative effectiveness.

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Q5. Distinguish between Delegation and Decentralisation.

Answer Framework:

• Delegation – transfer of authority to subordinates
• Decentralisation – systematic dispersal of authority
• Delegation is a technique; decentralisation is a philosophy
• Role in democratic administration
• Relevance to local governance

Conclusion: Both are essential for responsive administration.

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Q6. Examine the relationship between Headquarters and Field Administration.

Answer Framework:

• Headquarters – policy formulation and supervision
• Field agencies – policy implementation
• Need for coordination and feedback
• Problems of excessive centralisation
• Importance in development administration

Conclusion: Balanced HQ–field relations ensure effective governance.

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Prepared by Shaktimatha Learning
Structure → Examples → Balance → High Marks