Tuesday, 10 February 2026

 

📘 Public Administration – Paper I
Page–4: Human Relations & Behavioural Approach
Previous Year Questions & Model Answers

Prepared for UPSC Mains by Shaktimatha Learning


Q1. Examine the contribution of the Human Relations movement to Public Administration.

Answer Framework:
  • Reaction against classical mechanical view
  • Contribution of Elton Mayo
  • Hawthorne experiments and social motivation
  • Importance of morale and informal groups
  • Influence on modern HRM and leadership
Conclusion: Human Relations humanised administration and improved organisational effectiveness.

Q2. Critically evaluate the Hawthorne experiments.

Answer Framework:
  • Conducted at Hawthorne Works by Elton Mayo
  • Key findings: social needs, attention effect
  • Shift from economic to social motivation
  • Methodological limitations
  • Overemphasis on harmony and neglect of conflict
Conclusion: Despite limitations, the experiments transformed administrative thinking.

Q3. “Human Relations theory overemphasises harmony and ignores power.” Discuss.

Answer Framework:
  • Assumption of cooperation and shared goals
  • Neglect of authority, conflict, and politics
  • Inadequate explanation of labour unrest
  • Relevance in stable organisational settings
  • Need for balance with structural approaches
Conclusion: Human Relations is necessary but not sufficient alone.

Q4. Explain Herbert Simon’s critique of classical administrative theory.

Answer Framework:
  • Attack on vague “principles of administration”
  • Introduction of decision-making as core of administration
  • Concept of bounded rationality
  • Emphasis on empirical and behavioural study
  • Scientific rigour in administrative analysis
Conclusion: Simon laid the foundation of modern behavioural Public Administration.

Q5. “Decision-making is the heart of administration.” Discuss.

Answer Framework:
  • Statement by Herbert Simon
  • Role of decisions at all administrative levels
  • Constraints on rational decision-making
  • Bounded rationality and satisficing
  • Relevance in policy implementation
Conclusion: Effective administration depends on informed and ethical decisions.

Prepared by Shaktimatha Learning
Understand Behaviour → Structure Answers → Score High

No comments:

Post a Comment

  UPSC / UPPSC Complete Study Material – Master Library 📘 UPSC Public Administration – Complete Ultimate Digital Library ...