📘 Public Administration – Paper II
Urban Governance & Municipal Administration
1️⃣ Meaning of Urban Governance
- Administration of cities and urban areas
- Provision of civic services and infrastructure
- Urban planning and regulation
- Citizen participation in city management
UPSC Focus: Growing urbanization demands efficient local governance.
2️⃣ 74th Constitutional Amendment (1992)
- Constitutional status to Urban Local Bodies (ULBs)
- Three types: Municipal Corporation, Municipality, Nagar Panchayat
- Twelfth Schedule (18 subjects)
- Reservation for women and SC/ST
- Metropolitan and District Planning Committees
Significance: Strengthened urban decentralization.
3️⃣ Structure of Urban Local Bodies
- Elected Mayor and Councillors
- Municipal Commissioner (executive head)
- Standing Committees
- Ward Committees
Principle: Political leadership + Administrative execution.
4️⃣ Role in Urban Development
- Water supply and sanitation
- Solid waste management
- Urban infrastructure development
- Smart Cities and AMRUT programs
Shift: From basic civic services to sustainable urban planning.
5️⃣ Challenges
- Financial weakness of municipalities
- Capacity and skill gaps
- Urban poverty and slums
- Coordination problems among agencies
UPSC Focus Line: Effective urban governance is essential for sustainable and inclusive growth.
Prepared by Shaktimatha Learning
Urbanization → Decentralization → Sustainable Development
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