Tuesday, 10 February 2026

 

📘 Public Administration – Paper II
Constitutional Framework of Indian Administration


1️⃣ Nature of Indian Constitution

  • Written and lengthy Constitution
  • Parliamentary form of government
  • Federal system with unitary bias
  • Independent judiciary
  • Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles

Administrative Impact: Constitution defines powers, limits and responsibilities of administration.


2️⃣ Federalism in India

  • Division of powers: Union, State and Concurrent List
  • Strong Centre with residuary powers
  • All India Services strengthen unity
  • Inter-State Council and Finance Commission

UPSC Focus: Cooperative and competitive federalism.


3️⃣ Parliamentary System

  • Executive responsible to Legislature
  • Prime Minister as real executive
  • Collective responsibility of Council of Ministers
  • Permanent civil services support political executive

Key Idea: Political control over administration.


4️⃣ Separation of Powers

  • Legislature makes laws
  • Executive implements laws
  • Judiciary interprets laws
  • Checks and balances system

Administrative Relevance: Prevents concentration of power.


5️⃣ Emergency Provisions

  • National Emergency
  • State Emergency (President’s Rule)
  • Financial Emergency

Impact: Strengthens central control over states during crisis.


6️⃣ Constitutional Bodies

  • Election Commission
  • Union Public Service Commission
  • Finance Commission
  • Comptroller and Auditor General

Purpose: Ensure independent and accountable administration.


Prepared by Shaktimatha Learning
Constitution → Structure → Administration

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