📘 Public Administration – Paper II
State Government & State Administration
1️⃣ Governor
- Constitutional Head of the State
- Appointed by the President
- Acts on advice of Council of Ministers
- Has discretionary powers in certain situations
UPSC Focus: Role in Centre–State relations and constitutional crises.
2️⃣ Chief Minister
- Real executive head of the State
- Leader of majority party in Legislative Assembly
- Advises Governor on appointments
- Coordinates state administration
Key Role: Political leadership of state administration.
3️⃣ Council of Ministers
- Collectively responsible to Legislative Assembly
- Cabinet ministers and ministers of state
- Formulates state policies
Principle: Parliamentary responsibility at state level.
4️⃣ State Secretariat
- Policy-making body at state level
- Headed by Chief Secretary
- Assists ministers in policy formulation
- Drafts rules and regulations
Structure: Department → Directorate → Field offices
5️⃣ Chief Secretary
- Senior-most civil servant of the state
- Principal advisor to Chief Minister
- Coordinates departments
- Ensures administrative discipline
Importance: Administrative head of state bureaucracy.
6️⃣ Centre–State Administrative Relations
- All India Services operate in both Union and States
- Financial transfers through Finance Commission
- Inter-State Council and Zonal Councils
- Article 356 and President’s Rule
UPSC Focus Line: Indian federalism combines autonomy with strong central supervision.
Prepared by Shaktimatha Learning
State Autonomy + Central Unity = Indian Federal Balance
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